Working Paper — Version 0.1 — February 2026

The AI workflow leverage framework

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence is a structural technological revolution. However, durable competitive advantage will not emerge from showcasing AI capabilities. It will arise from embedding AI as an infrastructural capability within dominant workflows, where improvements compound over time and generate measurable economic impact.

This framework proposes a structured lens for evaluating where AI deployment creates sustained structural leverage, and where it merely produces visible differentiation without defensible advantage. It defines four structural conditions, a contextual segmentation model, and a set of falsifiable predictions about how value capture will evolve as AI becomes baseline infrastructure.

Thesis overview

AI is not a value proposition. It is an infrastructural capability.

The presence of AI alone does not create value. Value emerges when intelligence enhances an existing system in ways that are economically measurable, behaviorally sustainable, and operationally embedded.

The highest defensibility in the AI era will come from workflow ownership,not model ownership.

Core principle

AI generates durable advantage when it operates as invisible infrastructure rather than visible interface.

When intelligence is embedded inside stable systems, it reduces friction, improves precision, and compounds performance. When it is deployed primarily as a feature or branding signal, its advantage is fragile and exposed to commoditization.

Structural conditions for durable AI advantage

AI creates sustained structural leverage when four conditions align:

  1. 1

    High workflow frequency

    Tasks are performed repeatedly and consistently. Repetition allows incremental efficiency gains to compound into meaningful structural advantage.

  2. 2

    Low error tolerance

    Errors carry financial, operational, or reputational cost. When precision matters, automation that reduces error exposure generates measurable economic value.

  3. 3

    Strong behavioral inertia

    Users depend on established workflows. Replacing these workflows creates adoption friction. Embedding AI preserves behavioral continuity while improving performance.

  4. 4

    Measurable economic impact

    AI deployment directly influences cost structure, decision speed, labor efficiency, or revenue performance. If value cannot be measured, advantage rarely compounds.

Implication: When these conditions are present, AI should be allocated as infrastructure within the workflow, not as the workflow itself.

Contextual segmentation model

AI effectiveness depends primarily on workflow structure rather than industry category.

Zone A

Stable, high-frequency systems

Examples: Enterprise software, search, booking platforms, IDEs, internal operational systems.

Characteristics:

  • High repetition
  • Low error tolerance
  • Mature workflows
  • Clear economic metrics

In this zone, embedded AI tends to produce structural leverage and defensibility.

Zone B

Exploratory and creative domains

Examples: Generative image tools, ideation systems, research environments.

Characteristics:

  • Higher ambiguity tolerance
  • Lower workflow rigidity
  • Greater openness to novelty

Here, visible AI interfaces and prompt-based systems may remain viable.

Zone C

Signaling-driven AI deployments

Examples: Thin wrappers around large language models without workflow entrenchment.

Characteristics:

  • Limited structural integration
  • High exposure to commoditization
  • Branding-driven differentiation

Deployments in this zone face margin compression and volatility as model competition intensifies.

Analytical matrix

The matrix operationalizes the framework by mapping AI deployment effectiveness against workflow stability and cost of error.

Economic implications

Embedded AI generates higher structural margins because it:

  • Compounds within repetitive systems
  • Reduces marginal labor costs
  • Increases switching costs
  • Deepens operational dependence
  • Minimizes exposure to model volatility

Visible AI features, by contrast, are often:

  • Easily replicated
  • Sensitive to branding cycles
  • Dependent on continuous model superiority
  • Vulnerable to commoditization pressure

Structural advantage arises from allocating intelligence where it compounds, not where it attracts attention.

Strategic predictions

  • By 2028, AI branding will lose its conversion advantage in mature digital markets as AI becomes a baseline expectation rather than a differentiator.
  • By 2030, the majority of enterprise AI return on investment will derive from internal workflow optimization rather than customer-facing AI interfaces.
  • Standalone AI wrappers lacking workflow entrenchment will face structural margin compression as underlying models become increasingly commoditized.

These predictions are based on observed productivity studies and current foundation model commoditization trends.

Invalidation condition

This framework would be invalidated if AI-native interface disruption consistently outperformed workflow-embedded AI in mature, high-frequency environments with low error tolerance. If large-scale behavioral replacement proves economically superior in those contexts, the model fails.

Conclusion

This thesis does not argue against AI. It argues for disciplined allocation.

The revolution lies not in the visibility of intelligence, but in its structural integration.

Durable advantage will belong to organizations that embed intelligence where it compounds, not where it dazzles.

Related writing

  • More to come...

Methodological note

This framework is conceptual and integrative. It synthesizes empirical findings from productivity economics, behavioral decision theory, automation studies, and platform economics. It does not claim direct experimental validation.

Its predictions are intended to be testable and falsifiable over time.

Sources

  1. 01

    Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. R. (2023). Generative AI at Work. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 31161.

  2. 02

    Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Status Quo Bias in Decision Making. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty.

  3. 03

    Thompson, B. (2015). Aggregation Theory. Stratechery.

  4. 04

    McKinsey Global Institute (2023). The Economic Potential of Generative AI: The Next Productivity Frontier. McKinsey Global Institute.